Which structure is responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?

The structure responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division is the centrioles. Centrioles are cylindrical organelles that play a crucial role during mitosis and meiosis by organizing the mitotic spindle, which is essential for the movement of chromosomes. During cell division, centrioles help to form the spindle fibers that pull the sister chromatids apart, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

The nucleus, while essential for housing the genetic material, does not directly participate in the physical separation of chromosomes. Mitochondria are involved in energy production for the cell but do not play a role in chromosome separation. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris and are not involved in the division of chromosomes. Thus, understanding the specific functions of these organelles highlights why centrioles are key players in the process of cell division.