What role do monoclonal antibodies play in treating cancer?

Monoclonal antibodies play a significant role in cancer treatment by helping to trigger the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. These antibodies are designed to bind specifically to certain antigens that are present on the surface of cancer cells. Once bound, monoclonal antibodies can mark these cells for destruction by the immune system or can block signals that promote tumor growth. This targeted approach enhances the ability of the immune system to identify and eliminate malignant cells while sparing normal, healthy tissues, leading to more effective and often less harmful treatment options compared to traditional therapies.

While monoclonal antibodies can also be used in diagnostics, their primary function in the context of cancer treatment is to enhance the immune response against cancer cells. They are not used exclusively for benign tumors or functioning as a form of radiation, which further underscores their specific role in malignancy rather than benign conditions.