What causes coronary heart disease?

Coronary heart disease is primarily caused by the blockage of the coronary arteries due to atheroma. Atheroma refers to the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls, which leads to the narrowing or complete blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. This process is often referred to as atherosclerosis, which reduces blood flow and, consequently, oxygen supply to the heart, potentially resulting in chest pain or heart attack.

The development of atheroma is influenced by various risk factors, including high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Managing these risk factors is essential to preventing the progression of coronary heart disease.

The other options do not relate directly to the primary cause of coronary heart disease. High levels of oxygen in the blood do not lead to coronary artery blockage and, in fact, oxygen is vital for heart muscle function. Increased physical activity is generally beneficial for heart health; it can help reduce the risk of developing heart disease. A low cholesterol diet is also a preventive measure rather than a direct cause of the disease. Thus, understanding the central role of atheroma in the development of coronary heart disease is fundamental in both